2. Colistin is effective against all resistant bacteria.
(Adjective/Noun): Intended to prevent disease; a preventative measure.
To achieve a high band score, you must recognize these words and their synonyms within the text. Keyword from Passage Contextual Meaning Common IELTS Synonyms / Paraphrases / Pathogen Disease-causing microorganism Organism, bacteria, bug, germ Prophylactic Intended to prevent disease Preventative measure, precautionary Efficacy The ability to produce a desired result Effectiveness, potency, usefulness Indiscriminate Done at random or without careful judgment Unselective, haphazard, widespread Decimate To destroy or kill a large proportion of Devastate, wipe out, eliminate Proliferation Rapid increase in numbers Growth, escalation, spread Jeopardize To put someone or something into a situation of danger Endanger, threaten, compromise Strategic Answer Analysis by Question Type
Experts predict that death rates from AMR could reach 10 million per year by mid-century. Questions 6–9 To achieve a high band score, you must
(also known as "The Rise of Antibiotic Resistant Infections") explores how bacteria evolve resistance faster than new drugs are developed. It highlights that the overuse of antibiotics in humans and livestock, alongside a decline in pharmaceutical innovation, has created a global health crisis. Answer Key and Summary of Common Versions
The article typically follows a structured narrative often found in Academic Reading tests: Global Threat of Antibiotic Resistance - Bacteria - Scribd
Typical for this passage:
The mechanism of resistance is a natural evolutionary process. When a population of bacteria is exposed to an antibiotic, most are killed, but those with unique genetic mutations may survive. These survivors then multiply, passing on their resistant traits. While this process is natural, human activity has put it into overdrive. In many parts of the world, antibiotics are available over the counter without a prescription, leading to their use for viral infections like the common cold, against which they are entirely ineffective.
(The text mentions up to 80% are fed to livestock in some nations.)
Alexander Fleming’s discovery of penicillin immediately led to antibiotic resistance. It highlights that the overuse of antibiotics in
The economic and human toll of AMR is already staggering. According to healthcare data, drug-resistant infections contribute to hundreds of thousands of deaths annually worldwide. If left unchecked, epidemiologists predict that AMR could claim 10 million lives per year by 2050, eclipsing cancer as a leading cause of mortality. Financially, the crisis threatens to cripple global healthcare systems. Patients infected with resistant strains require prolonged hospital stays, more expensive second-line or third-line medications, and intensive care isolation. The World Bank estimates that AMR could result in global economic damages comparable to the 2008 financial crisis, drastically reducing gross domestic product (GDP) across both wealthy and developing nations. Paragraph E
Explanation: Paragraph F mentions "...implementing 'antibiotic stewardship' programmes...".